| The Short-Timers | |
|---|---|
The first paperback edition. From left to right: Alice, Joker, Animal Mother, Stutten or Doc Jay and Cowboy |
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| Author(s) | Gustav Hasford |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Autobiographical, War novel |
| Publisher | Harper and Row (HB) & Bantam (PB) |
| Publication date | 1979 |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 192 pp (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-553-17152-6 (paperback edition) |
| OCLC Number | 13360352 |
| Followed by | The Phantom Blooper |
The Short-Timers is a 1979 semi-autobiographical novel by American former Marine Gustav Hasford, about his experience in the Vietnam War. It was later adapted into the 1987 film Full Metal Jacket by Hasford, Michael Herr, and Stanley Kubrick.
Contents |
The book is divided into three sections, written in completely different styles of prose.
"The Spirit of the Bayonet" chronicles Pvt. James T. "Joker" Davis' days in the Marine Corps boot camp, where a drill instructor (Gunnery Sergeant Gerheim) breaks the men's spirits and then rebuilds them as brutal killers. Here Joker befriends two privates nicknamed "Cowboy" and "Gomer Pyle." The latter, whose real name is Leonard Pratt, earns the wrath of both Gerheim and the rest of the platoon through his ineptitude and weak character. Though he eventually shows great improvement and wins honors at graduation, the constant abuse has unbalanced his mind. In a final act of madness, he kills Gerheim and then himself in front of the whole platoon. This section is written in a very simple, savage style.
"Body Count" shows some of Joker's life as a war correspondent for the Marines in 1968. As the Tet Offensive begins, he and Rafter Man, his photographer, are dispatched from Da Nang to Phu Bai. Here, Joker receives a promotion from Corporal to Sergeant, and he and Rafter Man travel to Huế and find Cowboy, now assistant squad leader in the Lusthog Squad. During a battle, Joker is "wounded" (actually only knocked out by an RPG concussion blast) and the book goes into a psychedelic dream sequence. After his quick recovery, Joker learns that the platoon commander was killed by a friendly grenade, while the squad leader went insane and attacked an NVA position with a BB gun only to be shot down. Later, Joker and Rafter Man battle a sniper who killed another Lusthog Marine and an entire second squad; the battle ends with Rafter Man's first confirmed kill and Cowboy's being wounded slightly. As Joker and Rafter Man head back to their base, Rafter Man panics and dashes into the path of an oncoming tank, which fatally crushes him. Joker is reassigned to Cowboy's squad as a rifleman for wearing an unauthorized peace button on his uniform. The writing style in "Body Count" is more complex than that in "The Spirit of the Bayonet."
"Grunts" takes place on a mission through the jungle with Cowboy's squad, outside of Khe Sanh. They encounter another sniper here, who wounds three of the men multiple times. After the company commander goes crazy and begins babbling nonsense over the radio, Cowboy decides to pull the squad back and retreat, rather than sacrifice everyone trying to save the wounded men. Animal Mother, the squad's M60 machine gunner, threatens Cowboy's life and refuses to retreat. Promoting Joker to squad leader, Cowboy runs in with his pistol and kills each victim with a shot to the head. However, he himself is repeatedly wounded in the process; before he can kill himself, the sniper shoots the gun out of his hand. Realizing his duty to Cowboy and the squad, Joker kills Cowboy and leads the rest of the men away. This section is written in a more complex style than the previous two, with more time spent on Joker's inner thoughts.
Joker and his fellow Marines refer to military personnel in various ways. A "short" Marine or "short-timer" is one who is approaching the end of his tour of duty in Vietnam, usually one year. "Lifers" are distinguished not necessarily by the length of time they have served, but rather by their attitude toward the lower ranks. (Joker describes the distinction as follows: "A lifer is anybody who abuses authority he doesn't deserve to have. There are plenty of civilian lifers.") Finally, "poges" (an alternative spelling for the slang term pogue, or "Person Other than Grunt") are Marines who fill non-combat roles (i.e. cooks, clerks, mechanics); they are a favorite target of the front-line troops' derision, and vice versa.
The novel was adapted into the film Full Metal Jacket by Hasford, Michael Herr, and Stanley Kubrick.
The first section of the novel, "The Spirit of the Bayonet," is very faithfully reproduced in the movie. There are only minor differences of events, and names. The most profound difference is that, in the book, when Pvt. Pyle kills Gunny Gerheim (Hartman), Gerheim tells Pyle "I'm proud [of you]" before being killed, finally being assured that he turned him into a killer. Also, Pyle not only talks to his rifle, but also considers it his wife, and kills Gerheim because he looked at her funny.
The movie then combines certain elements of "Body Count" and "Grunts" for the second part of the movie. In the film the combat is in Hue, and they do take on a sniper, although the actual sequence more closely resembles the sniper battle in "Grunts". Dialog in the second part of the movie is also a mix of elements from "Body Count" and "Grunts".
Several important sequences are left out from the movie adaptation: a previous meeting between Joker and his squad at the movies, the slaughtering of rats at the camp by Joker and his friends as Rafter Man watches, Rafter Man's lapse into cannibalism, and a part where the tank Joker and Rafter Man ride runs over a little girl and a water buffalo. A flashback revealing the origins of Rafter Man's nickname is also omitted. His real name is Lance Corporal Compton. Also Rafter Man is later run over and killed by the same tank that ran over the little girl and water buffalo. Then Joker is demoted to a grunt for wearing his peace symbol button.
Additionally, some names are changed and certain characters in the book do not appear in the movie, and vice-versa. Several "lifers" (Capt. January, Mayor Lynch, General Motors) have been left out or been merged into one. Private Leonard Pratt in the book becomes Leonard Lawrence in the movie; Gunny Gerheim in the book becomes Gunny Hartman in the movie. The character of Alice in the book seems to have been renamed and altered slightly to Eightball in the movie. Also, in the movie, T.H.E. Rock doesn't die and Crazy Earl is killed by a booby trap. Daytona Dave, Chili Vendor and Mr. Payback are all in the movie. However in the book, Daytona Dave is described as a California surfer-type while in the movie he is played by an African American. All of the three can be seen in the movie just prior to and during the Tet Offensive.